Acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico no contexto das doenças crônicas e distúrbios menores em uma unidade básica de saúde de São Luís-Ma / Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up in the context of chronic diseases and minor disorders in a basic health unit of São Luís-Ma / Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en el contexto de enfermedades crónicas y trastornos más pequeños en una unidad de salud básica de São Luís-Ma

As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT's) são responsáveis por cerca de 74% da mortalidade global. Nesse contexto, o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico surge como uma importante ferramenta para garantir uma farmacoterapia racional em prol da melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente. Levando isso em consideração, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto do acompanhamento farmacêutico na qualidade de vida de um paciente idoso com tratamento irracional da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), diabetes mellitus e outros sintomas da síndrome metabólica. Paciente M.M.D., masculino, 67 anos, hiperglicêmico, dislipidêmico e que se automedicava para hipertensão sem diagnóstico médico com uma série de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (PIM's). Após as intervenções farmacêuticas apresentou melhora nos quadros e maior adesão à terapia medicamentosa atrelada a melhores hábitos de vida. Dessa forma, o impacto positivo das intervenções durante o acompanhamento farmacêutico reforça a importância do profissional na atenção básica e na promoção da saúde.

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for about 74% of global mortality. In this context, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up appears to be an important tool for ensuring rational pharmacotherapy in favor of improving the patient's quality of life. Taking this into consideration, this study aims to evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical follow-up on the quality of life of an elderly patient with irrational treatment of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus and other symptoms of metabolic syndrome. M.M.D. patient, male, 67 years old, hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic and self-medicating for hypertension without medical diagnosis with a series of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM's). After the pharmaceutical interventions showed an improvement in the conditions and greater adherence to drug therapy coupled to better habits of life. Thus, the positive impact of interventions during pharmaceutical follow-up reinforces the importance of the professional in basic care and health promotion.

Las enfermedades no transmisibles crónicas representan aproximadamente el 74% de la mortalidad mundial. En este contexto, el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico es una herramienta importante para garantizar una farmacoterapia racional para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. Teniendo esto en cuenta, este estudio tiene por objeto evaluar el impacto del seguimiento farmacéutico en la calidad de vida de un paciente de edad avanzada con el tratamiento irracional de la hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS), la diabetes mellitus y otros síntomas del síndrome metabólico. Paciente con M.M.D. masculino de 67 años de edad, hiperglucemia, dislipidemia y automedicación para la hipertensión sin diagnóstico médico con una serie de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados (PIMs). Después de las intervenciones farmacéuticas, mostró una mejoría en las tablas y una mayor adherencia a la terapia con medicamentos, junto con mejores hábitos de vida. De esta manera, el impacto positivo de las intervenciones durante el seguimiento farmacéutico refuerza la importancia del profesional en la atención básica y la promoción de la salud.

Punica granatum L. Leaf Extract Attenuates Lung Inflammation in Mice with Acute Lung Injury.

The hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) leaves was previously demonstrated to be anti-inflammatory in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute peritonitis. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the pomegranate leaf hydroalcoholic extract (EAFPg) on the LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. Male Swiss mice received either EAFPg at different doses or dexamethasone (per os) prior to LPS intranasal instillation. Vehicle-treated mice were used as controls. Animals were culled at 4 h after LPS challenge, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung samples were collected for analysis. EAFPg and kaempferol effects on NO and cytokine production by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were also investigated. Pretreatment with EAFPg (100-300 mg/kg) markedly reduced cell accumulation (specially neutrophils) and collagen deposition in the lungs of ALI mice. The same animals presented with reduced lung and BALF TNF-α and IL-1ß expression in comparison with vehicle controls (p < 0.05). Additionally, incubation with either EAFPg or kaempferol (100 µg/ml) reduced NO production and cytokine gene expression in cultured LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Overall, these results demonstrate that the prophylactic treatment with EAFPg attenuates acute lung inflammation. We suggest this fraction may be useful in treating ALI.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of geopropolis produced by Melipona fasciculata (Meliponinae) in flooded fields and cerrado areas of Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil / Composição química e atividade antioxidante da geoprópolis de Melipona fasciculata (Meliponinae) produzida em áreas de campos alagados e de cerrado no Estado do Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil

Geopropolis, a mixture of plant resin, wax, soil and salivary secretion, is produced by the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata. This aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of geopropolis collected from beehives in two phytogeographical regions, flooded fields and cerrado, in the municipalities of Palmeirândia and Fernando Falcão, Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil. The geopropolis compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Additionally, total phenolic content was determined with the FolinCiocalteu reagent and antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The four geopropolis samples varied in terms of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity and the highest values were observed for geopropolis from Fernando Falcão. Triterpenes such as cycloartane, ursane and oleanane and phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid and gallic acid) were identified in the geopropolis from Palmeirândia, while the phenolic acids, gallic and ellagic acid were the main compounds in geopropolis from Fernando Falcão. The antioxidant property of geopropolis is due to its high total phenolic content and predominance of gallic acid and ellagic acid. The results showed that the plant resources in two phytogeographical regions of Maranhão used by bees for the production of geopropolis contribute to the chemical composition and bioactivity of this product.

Geoprópolis, uma mistura de resinas vegetais, cera, terra e secreção salivar, produzida pela abelha sem ferrão Melipona fasciculata. Este estudo investigou a composição química e a atividade antioxidante da geoprópolis coletada em colmeias em duas regiões fitogeográficas de campos alagados e de cerrado, nos municípios de Palmeirândia e Fernando Falcão, no Estado do Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil. Os compostos da geoprópolis foram identificados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). Foram determinados os teores de fenólicos totais pelo reagente de FolinCiocalteu, e atividade antioxidante utilizando o ensaio in vitro com 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e capacidade redutora do ferro (FRAP). As quatro amostras de geoprópolis apresentaram variações no teor de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante, as geoprópolis de Fernando Falcão, apresentaram maiores teores. Nas geoprópolis do município de Palmeirândia foram identificados, triterpenos do tipo cicloartano, ursano e oleanano e ácidos fenólicos (ácido protocatecuico e ácido gálico), enquanto que na geoprópolis de Fernando Falcão, ácidos fenólicos, ácido gálico e elágico foram os principais constituintes. A propriedade antioxidante da geoprópolis pode ser atribuída aos altos teores de fenólicos totais e de ácido gálico e elágico. Os resultados demonstram que as fontes vegetais das duas regiões fitogeográficas do Maranhão, Brasil, utilizadas pelas abelhas para a produção da geoprópolis contribuem para a composição química e bioatividade deste produto.

Phenolic acids, hydrolyzable tannins, and antioxidant activity of geopropolis from the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata Smith.

Geopropolis is a mixture of plant resins, waxes, and soil produced by the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata Smith. This paper describes the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of geopropolis produced by M. fasciculata. The total phenolic content determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction and hydroalcoholic extract. Antioxidant activity was assayed by the in vitro DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of geopropolis, except for the hexane fraction, exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-DAD-MS on the basis of the evaluation of their UV-vis absorption maxima (λmax) and mass spectral analysis. Eleven compounds belonging to the classes of phenolic acids and hydrolyzable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins) were tentatively identified. These compounds are responsible for the antioxidant activity and high phenolic content of geopropolis produced by M. fasciculata.